Division B
Section 9.21. Masonry and Concrete Chimneys and Flues
Section 9.21. Masonry and Concrete Chimneys and Flues Copy linkAdd bookmark
9.21.1. General Copy linkAdd bookmark
9.21.1.1. Application Copy linkAdd bookmark
(1)This Section applies to,
(a)rectangular masonry or concrete chimneys not more than 12 m in height serving fireplaces or serving appliances having a combined total rated heat output of 120 kW or less, and
(b)flue pipes serving solid fuel-burning appliances.
(2)Except as provided in Sentence 9.21.1.3.(1), chimneys (other than those described in Sentence (1) and Sentence 9.21.1.2.(1)), gas vents and flue pipes serving gas-, oil- or solid fuel-burning appliances and associated equipment shall conform to Section 6.3.
9.21.1.2. Chimney or Flue Pipe Walls Copy linkAdd bookmark
(1)The walls of any chimney or flue pipe shall be constructed so as to be smoke- and flame-tight.
9.21.1.3. Factory-Built Chimneys Copy linkAdd bookmark
(1)Factory-built chimneys serving solid fuel-burning appliances, and their installation, shall conform to CAN/ULC-S629, “Standard for 650°C Factory-Built Chimneys.” (See Note A-9.21.1.3.(1))
9.21.1.4. Flue Pipes Copy linkAdd bookmark
(1)Flue pipes serving solid fuel-burning stoves, cooktops and space heaters shall conform to CSA B365, “Installation code for solid-fuel-burning appliances and equipment.”
9.21.2. Chimney Flues Copy linkAdd bookmark
9.21.2.1. Chimney Flue Limitations Copy linkAdd bookmark
(1)A chimney flue that serves a fireplace or incinerator shall not serve any other appliance.
(2)A chimney flue that serves a solid fuel-burning appliance shall not be connected to a natural gas- or propane-fired appliance.
(3)A chimney flue that serves a solid fuel-burning appliance shall not be connected to an oil-burning appliance unless the solid fuel-burning appliance is listed for such installation and the installation of both appliances meets their respective installation requirements.
9.21.2.2. Connections of More Than One Appliance Copy linkAdd bookmark
(1)Except as required in Article 9.21.2.1., two or more fuel-burning appliances are permitted to be connected to the same chimney flue provided adequate draft is maintained for the connected appliances and the connections are made as described in Sentences (2) and (3).
(2)Where 2 or more fuel-burning appliances are connected to the same chimney flue, the appliances must be located on the same storey.
(3)The connection referred to in Sentence (2) for a solid fuel-burning appliance shall be made below connections for appliances burning other fuels.
9.21.2.3. Inclined Chimney Flues Copy linkAdd bookmark
(1)Chimney flues shall not be inclined more than 45° to the vertical.
9.21.2.4. Size of Chimney Flues Copy linkAdd bookmark
(1)Except for chimneys serving fireplaces, the size of a chimney flue shall conform to the requirements of the solid fuel-burning appliance installation standards referenced in Sentence 6.2.1.4.(1) and Article 9.33.1.2.
(2)Where a chimney flue serves only one solid fuel-burning appliance, the flue area shall be at least equal to that of the flue pipe connected to it.
9.21.2.5. Fireplace Chimneys Copy linkAdd bookmark
(1)The size of a chimney flue serving a masonry fireplace shall conform to Table 9.21.2.5.-A or Table 9.21.2.5.-B.
| Fireplace Opening, m² | Chimney Height, m | |||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 3.0 to 4.5 | > 4.5 to 5.9 | > 5.9 to 8.9 | > 8.9 to 12 | |||||
| Flue Diameter, mm | ||||||||
| Min. | Max. | Min. | Max. | Min. | Max. | Min. | Max. | |
| Up to 0.150 | 110 | 170 | 100 | 160 | 90 | 150 | 90 | 150 |
| 0.151 to 0.250 | 150 | 210 | 130 | 190 | 130 | 190 | 120 | 180 |
| 0.251 to 0.350 | 180 | 240 | 160 | 220 | 150 | 210 | 140 | 200 |
| 0.351 to 0.500 | 220 | 280 | 200 | 260 | 190 | 250 | 170 | 230 |
| 0.501 to 0.650 | 260 | 320 | 230 | 290 | 220 | 280 | 200 | 260 |
| 0.651 to 0.800 | 290 | 350 | 260 | 320 | 240 | 300 | 220 | 280 |
| 0.801 to 1.00 | 330 | 390 | 290 | 350 | 270 | 330 | 250 | 310 |
| 1.01 to 1.20 | 360 | 420 | 320 | 380 | 300 | 360 | 270 | 330 |
| 1.21 to 1.40 | 390 | 450 | 350 | 410 | 330 | 390 | 300 | 360 |
| 1.41 to 1.60 | 420 | 480 | 380 | 440 | 350 | 410 | 320 | 380 |
| 1.61 to 1.80 | — | — | 400 | 460 | 370 | 430 | 340 | 400 |
| 1.81 to 2.00 | — | — | — | — | 400 | 460 | 360 | 420 |
| 2.01 to 2.20 | — | — | — | — | — | — | 380 | 440 |
| Fireplace Opening, m² | Chimney Height, m | |||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 3.0 to 4.5 | > 4.5 to 5.9 | > 5.9 to 8.9 | > 8.9 to 12 | |||||
| Flue Size, mm | ||||||||
| Min. | Max. | Min. | Max. | Min. | Max. | Min. | Max. | |
| Up to 0.150 | 200 × 200 | 200 × 200 | 100 × 200 | 100 × 200 | 100 × 200 | 100 × 200 | 100 × 200 | 100 × 200 |
| 0.151 to 0.250 | 200 × 200 | 200 × 200 | 200 × 200 | 200 × 200 | 200 × 200 | 200 × 200 | 200 × 200 | 200 × 200 |
| 0.251 to 0.350 | 200 × 300 | 200 × 300 | 200 × 200 | 200 × 300 | 200 × 200 | 200 × 200 | 200 × 200 | 200 × 200 |
| 0.351 to 0.500 | 300 × 300 | 300 × 300 | 200 × 300 | 200 × 300 | 200 × 300 | 200 × 300 | 200 × 200 | 200 × 300 |
| 0.501 to 0.650 | 300 × 300 | 300 × 400 | 300 × 300 | 300 × 300 | 300 × 300 | 300 × 300 | 200 × 300 | 200 × 300 |
| 0.651 to 0.800 | 300 × 400 | 300 × 400 | 300 × 300 | 300 × 400 | 300 × 300 | 300 × 300 | 300 × 300 | 300 × 300 |
| 0.801 to 1.00 | 400 × 400 | 400 × 400 | 300 × 400 | 300 × 400 | 300 × 400 | 300 × 400 | 300 × 300 | 300 × 300 |
| 1.01 to 1.20 | 400 × 400 | 400 × 400 | 400 × 400 | 400 × 400 | 300 × 400 | 300 × 400 | 300 × 400 | 300 × 400 |
| 1.21 to 1.40 | — | — | 400 × 400 | 400 × 400 | 400 × 400 | 400 × 400 | 300 × 400 | 300 × 400 |
| 1.41 to 1.60 | — | — | — | — | 400 × 400 | 400 × 400 | 400 × 400 | 400 × 400 |
| 1.61 to 1.80 | — | — | — | — | — | — | 400 × 400 | 400 × 400 |
| 1.81 to 2.00 | — | — | — | — | — | — | 400 × 400 | 400 × 400 |
9.21.2.6. Oval Chimney Flues Copy linkAdd bookmark
(1)The width of an oval chimney flue shall be not less than two-thirds its breadth.
9.21.3. Chimney Lining Copy linkAdd bookmark
9.21.3.1. Lining Materials Copy linkAdd bookmark
(1)Every masonry or concrete chimney shall have a lining of clay, concrete, firebrick or metal.
9.21.3.2. Joints in Chimney Liners Copy linkAdd bookmark
(1)Joints of chimney liners shall be sealed to provide a barrier to the passage of flue gases and condensate into the cavity between the liner and the surrounding masonry.
(2)Joints of clay, concrete or firebrick chimney liners shall be struck flush to provide a straight, smooth, aligned chimney flue.
9.21.3.3. Clay Liners Copy linkAdd bookmark
(1)Clay liners shall conform to CAN/CSA-A324-M, “Clay Flue Liners.”
(2)Liners referred to in Sentence (1) shall be not less than 15.9 mm thick and shall be capable of resisting, without softening or cracking, a temperature of 1 100°C.
9.21.3.4. Firebrick Liners Copy linkAdd bookmark
(1)Firebrick liners shall conform to ASTM C27, “Standard Classification of Fireclay and High Alumina Refractory Brick.”
(2)Firebrick liners shall be laid with high temperature cement mortar conforming to CAN/CGSB-10.3, “Air Setting Refractory Mortar.”
9.21.3.5. Concrete Liners Copy linkAdd bookmark
(1)Concrete flue liners shall conform to Clause 4.2.6.4. of CAN/CSA-A405-M, “Design and Construction of Masonry Chimneys and Fireplaces.”
9.21.3.6. Metal Liners Copy linkAdd bookmark
(1)Metal liners shall be constructed of not less than 0.3 mm thick stainless steel.
(2)Except as provided in Sentence 9.22.10.2.(3), metal liners referred to in Sentence (1) shall only be used in chimneys serving gas- or oil-burning appliances. (See Note A-9.21.3.6.(2))
9.21.3.7. Installation of Chimney Liners Copy linkAdd bookmark
(1)Chimney liners shall be installed when the surrounding masonry or concrete is placed.
9.21.3.8. Spaces Between Liners and Surrounding Masonry Copy linkAdd bookmark
(1)A space not less than 10 mm wide shall be left between a chimney liner and the surrounding masonry.
(2)The space required in Sentence (1) shall not be filled with mortar.
9.21.3.9. Mortar for Chimney Liners Copy linkAdd bookmark
(1)Chimney liners used in chimneys for solid fuel-burning appliances shall be laid in a full bed of
(a)high temperature cement mortar conforming to CAN/CGSB-10.3, “Air Setting Refractory Mortar,” or
(b)mortar consisting of 1 part Portland cement to 3 parts sand by volume.
(2)Chimney liners used in chimneys for oil- or gas-burning appliances shall be laid in a full bed of mortar consisting of 1 part Portland cement to 3 parts sand by volume.
9.21.3.10. Extension of Chimney Liners Copy linkAdd bookmark
(1)Chimney liners shall extend from a point not less than 200 mm below the lowest flue pipe connection to a point not less than 50 mm or more than 100 mm above the chimney cap. See Note A-9.21.3.6.(2).)
9.21.4. Masonry and Concrete Chimney Construction Copy linkAdd bookmark
9.21.4.1. Unit Masonry Copy linkAdd bookmark
(1)Unit masonry shall conform to Section 9.20.
9.21.4.2. Concrete Copy linkAdd bookmark
(1)Concrete shall conform to Section 9.3.
9.21.4.3. Footings Copy linkAdd bookmark
(1)Footings for masonry chimneys and concrete chimneys shall conform to Section 9.15.
9.21.4.4. Height of Chimney Flues Copy linkAdd bookmark
(1)A chimney flue shall extend not less than
(a)900 mm above the highest point at which the chimney comes in contact with the roof, and
(b)600 mm above the highest roof surface or structure within 3 m of the chimney.
(See Note A-9.21.4.4.(1))
9.21.4.5. Lateral Stability Copy linkAdd bookmark
(1)Except as provided in Sentence (2), chimneys shall be braced in accordance with Subsection 4.3.2. to provide lateral stability under wind loads.
(2)A chimney need not be laterally braced provided
(a)no horizontal outside dimension is less than 400 mm, and
(b)the chimney extends not more than 3.6 m above a roof or the masonry wall of which it forms a part.
(See Note A-9.21.4.5.(2))
9.21.4.6. Chimney Caps Copy linkAdd bookmark
(1)The top of a chimney shall have a waterproof cap of reinforced concrete, masonry or metal.
(2)The cap required in Sentence (1) shall slope from the lining and be provided with a drip not less than 25 mm from the chimney wall.
(3)Cast-in-place concrete caps shall be separated from the chimney liner by a bond break and be sealed at that location.
(4)Jointed precast concrete or masonry chimney caps shall have flashing installed beneath the cap extending from the liner to the drip edge.
9.21.4.7. Cleanout Copy linkAdd bookmark
(1)Except for a chimney flue constructed to serve a masonry fireplace, a cleanout opening with a metal frame and tight-fitting metal door shall be installed near the base of the chimney flue.
9.21.4.8. Wall Thickness Copy linkAdd bookmark
(1)The walls of a masonry chimney shall be built of solid masonry units not less than 70 mm thick.
9.21.4.9. Separation of Flue Liners Copy linkAdd bookmark
(1)Flue liners in the same chimney shall be separated by not less than 70 mm of masonry or concrete exclusive of liners where clay liners are used, or 90 mm of firebrick where firebrick liners are used.
(2)Flue liners referred to in Sentence (1) shall be installed to prevent significant lateral movement.
9.21.4.10. Flashing Copy linkAdd bookmark
(1)Junctions with adjacent materials shall be adequately flashed to shed water.
9.21.5. Clearance from Combustible Construction Copy linkAdd bookmark
9.21.5.1. Clearance from Combustible Materials Copy linkAdd bookmark
(1)The clearance between masonry or concrete chimneys and combustible framing material shall be not less than,
(a)50 mm for interior chimneys, and
(b)12 mm for exterior chimneys.
(See Note A-9.21.5.1.(1))
(2)A clearance of not less than 150 mm shall be provided between a cleanout opening and combustible material.
(3)Combustible flooring, subflooring and ceiling finishes shall have not less than a 12 mm clearance from masonry or concrete chimneys.
9.21.5.2. Sealing of Spaces Copy linkAdd bookmark
(1)All spaces between masonry or concrete chimneys and combustible material shall be sealed top or bottom with noncombustible material.
9.21.5.3. Support of Joists or Beams Copy linkAdd bookmark
(1)Joists or beams may be supported on masonry walls which enclose chimney flues provided the combustible members are separated from the flue by not less than 290 mm of solid masonry.