Division B
Section 9.3. Materials, Systems and Equipment
Section 9.3. Materials, Systems and Equipment Copy linkAdd bookmark
9.3.1. Concrete Copy linkAdd bookmark
9.3.1.1. General Copy linkAdd bookmark
(1)Except as provided in Sentence (2) and Articles 9.3.1.6. and 9.3.1.7., unreinforced and nominally reinforced concrete shall be designed, mixed, placed, cured and tested in accordance with the requirements for “R” class concrete stated in Section 9 of CSA A23.1, “Concrete materials and methods of concrete construction.”
(2)Unreinforced and nominally reinforced site-batched concrete shall be designed, mixed, placed and cured in accordance with Articles 9.3.1.2. to 9.3.1.9.
(3)Except as provided in Sentence (4), Subsection 9.15.4. and Section 9.40., reinforced concrete shall be designed to conform to the requirements of Part 4.
(4) For flat insulating concrete form walls not exceeding 2 storeys in building height and having a maximum floor to floor height of 3 m, in buildings of light-frame construction, the concrete and reinforcing shall comply with Part 4 or
(a)the concrete shall conform to CSA A23.1, “Concrete materials and methods of concrete construction,” with a maximum aggregate size of 19 mm, and
(b)the reinforcing shall,
(i)conform to CSA G30.18, “Carbon steel bars for concrete reinforcement”,
(ii)have a minimum specified yield strength of 400 MPa, and
(iii)be lapped a minimum of 450 mm for 10M bars and 650 mm for 15M bars. (See also Articles 9.15.4.5. and 9.20.17.2. to 9.20.17.4.)
9.3.1.2. Cement Copy linkAdd bookmark
(1)Cement shall meet the requirements of CSA A3001, “Cementitious materials for use in concrete.”
9.3.1.3. Concrete in Contact With Sulfate Soil Copy linkAdd bookmark
(1)Concrete in contact with sulphate soil, which is deleterious to normal cement, shall conform to the requirements in Clause 4.1.1.6 of CSA A23.1, “Concrete materials and methods of concrete construction.”
9.3.1.4. Aggregates Copy linkAdd bookmark
(1)Aggregates shall
(a)consist of sand, gravel, crushed rock, crushed air-cooled blast furnace slag, expanded shale or expanded clay conforming to CSA A23.1, “Concrete materials and methods of concrete construction,” and
(b)be clean, well-graded and free of injurious amounts of organic and other deleterious material.
9.3.1.5. Water Copy linkAdd bookmark
(1)Water shall be clean and free of injurious amounts of oil, organic matter, sediment or any other deleterious material.
9.3.1.6. Compressive Strength Copy linkAdd bookmark
(See also Article 9.12.4.1., Sentence 9.15.4.2.(1) and Article 9.18.6.1.)
(1)Except as provided elsewhere in this Part, the compressive strength of unreinforced concrete after 28 days shall be not less than,
(a)32 MPa for garage floors, carport floors and all exterior flatwork,
(b)20 MPa for interior floors other than those for garages and carports, and
(c)15 MPa for all other applications.
(2)Site-batched concrete used for garage floors, carport floors and exterior flatwork shall have air entrainment of 5 to 8%.
9.3.1.7. Concrete Mixes (See Note A-9.3.1.7.) Copy linkAdd bookmark
(1)For pre-mixed concrete and for the site-batched concrete mixes described in Table 9.3.1.7., the maximum ratio of water to cementing materials measured by weight shall not exceed
(a)0.45 for garage floors, carport floors and all exterior flatwork,
(b)0.65 for interior floors other than those for garages and carports, and
(c)0.70 for all other applications.
(2)The size of aggregate in unreinforced site-batched concrete mixes referred to in Sentence (1) shall not exceed,
(a)1/5 the distance between the sides of vertical forms, or
(b)1/3 the thickness of flatwork.
| Maximum Size of Coarse Aggregate, mm | Materials, volume | |||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Cementing Material | Fine Aggregate (damp average coarse sand) | Coarse Aggregate (gravel or crushed stone) | ||||
| Parts(1) | L | Parts | L | Parts | L | |
| 14 | 1 | 28 | 1.75 | 49 | 2 | 56 |
| 20 | 1 | 28 | 1.75 | 49 | 2.5 | 70 |
| 28 | 1 | 28 | 2 | 56 | 3 | 84 |
| 40 | 1 | 28 | 2 | 56 | 3.5 | 98 |
Notes to Table 9.3.1.7.:
9.3.1.8. Admixtures Copy linkAdd bookmark
(1)Admixtures shall conform to ASTM C260 / C260M, “Standard Specification for Air-Entraining Admixtures for Concrete,” or ASTM C494 / C494M, “Standard Specification for Chemical Admixtures for Concrete,” as applicable.
9.3.1.9. Cold Weather Requirements Copy linkAdd bookmark
(1)When the air temperature is below 5°C, concrete shall be
(a)kept at a temperature of not less than 10°C or more than 25°C while being mixed and placed, and
(b)maintained at a temperature of not less than 10°C for 72 h after placing.
(2)No frozen material or ice shall be used in concrete described in Sentence (1).
9.3.2. Lumber and Wood Products Copy linkAdd bookmark
9.3.2.1. Grade Marking Copy linkAdd bookmark
(1)Lumber for joists, rafters, trusses and beams and for the uses listed in Table 9.3.2.1. shall be identified by a grade stamp to indicate its grade as determined by the NLGA, “Standard Grading Rules for Canadian Lumber.” (See Note A-9.3.2.1.(1))
| Use | Boards(1) | Framing | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Paragraph in the NLGA Grading Rules Under Which Boards are Graded | All Species | |||
| All Species | Eastern White Pine & Red Pine | |||
| Para 113 | Para 114 | Para 118 | ||
| Stud wall framing (loadbearing members) | — | — | — | Stud, Standard, No. 2 |
| Stud wall framing (non-loadbearing members) | — | — | — | Stud, Utility, No. 3 |
| Plank frame construction (loadbearing members) | No. 3 Common | — | No. 3 Common | No. 2 |
| Plank frame construction (non-loadbearing members) | No. 5 Common | — | No. 5 Common | Economy, No. 3 |
| Post and beams less than 114 mm in thickness | — | — | — | Standard, No.2 |
| Post and beams not less than 114 mm in thickness | — | — | — | Standard |
| Roof sheathing | No. 3 Common | Standard | No. 4 Common | — |
| Subflooring | No. 3 Common | Standard | No. 3 Common | — |
| Wall sheathing when required as a nailing base | No. 4 Common | Utility | No. 4 Common | — |
| Wall sheathing not required as a nailing base | No. 5 Common | Economy | No. 5 Common | — |
Notes to Table 9.3.2.1.:
9.3.2.2. Lumber Grades Copy linkAdd bookmark
(1)Except for joists, rafters, trusses and beams, visually graded lumber shall conform to the grades in Table 9.3.2.1. (See Article 9.23.4.2. for joists, rafters and beams and Article 9.23.14.11. for trusses.)
9.3.2.3. Machine Stress Rated Lumber Copy linkAdd bookmark
(1)Machine stress rated lumber shall conform to the requirements of Subsection 4.3.1.
9.3.2.4. OSB, Waferboard and Plywood Marking Copy linkAdd bookmark
(1)OSB, waferboard and plywood used for roof sheathing, wall sheathing and subflooring shall be legibly identified on the face of the material indicating,
(a)the manufacturer of the material,
(b)the standard to which it is produced, and
(c)that the material is of an exterior type.
9.3.2.5. Moisture Content Copy linkAdd bookmark
(1)Moisture content of lumber shall be not more than 19% at the time of installation.
9.3.2.6. Lumber Dimensions Copy linkAdd bookmark
(1)Lumber dimensions referred to in this Part are actual dimensions determined in conformance with CSA O141, “Softwood Lumber.”
9.3.2.7. Panel Thickness Tolerances Copy linkAdd bookmark
(1)The thicknesses specified in this Part for plywood, hardboard, particleboard, OSB and waferboard shall be subject to the tolerances permitted in the standards referenced for these products unless specifically indicated herein.
9.3.2.8. Undersized Lumber Copy linkAdd bookmark
(1)Joist, rafter, lintel and beam members up to 5% less than the actual Canadian standard sizes are permitted to be used provided the allowable spans for the grade and species of lumber under consideration are reduced 5% from those shown in the Span Tables for full size members. (See Note A-9.3.2.8.(1))
9.3.2.9. Termite and Decay Protection Copy linkAdd bookmark
(1)In localities where termites are known to occur,
(a)clearance between structural wood elements and the finished ground level directly below them shall be not less than 450 mm and, except as provided in Sentence (2), all sides of the supporting elements shall be visible to permit inspection, or
(b)structural wood elements, supported by elements in contact with the ground or exposed over bare soil, shall be pressure-treated with a chemical that is toxic to termites.
(See Note A-9.3.2.9.(1))
(2)In localities where termites are known to occur and foundations are insulated or otherwise finished in a manner that could conceal a termite infestation,
(a)a metal or plastic barrier shall be installed through the insulation and any other separation or finish materials above finished ground level to control the passage of termites behind or through the insulation, separation or finish materials, and
(b)all sides of the finished supporting assembly shall be visible to permit inspection.
(3)Structural wood elements shall be pressure-treated with a preservative to resist decay where the vertical clearance between structural wood elements and the finished ground level is less than 150 mm. (See Note A-9.3.2.9.(3))
(3.1)In localities where termites are known to occur and where windows or other openings at or below grade contain wood elements, the bottom of window wells or adjacent ground shall be at least 150 mm below the nearest wood unless the wood is pressure-treated with a chemical toxic to termites.
(4)Structural wood elements used in retaining walls and cribbing shall be pressure-treated with a preservative to resist decay, where
(a)the retaining wall or cribbing supports ground that is critical to the stability of building foundations, or
(b)the retaining wall or cribbing is greater than 1.2 m in height.
(See Note A-9.3.2.9.(4))
(5)Where wood is required by this Article to be treated to resist termites or decay, such treatment shall be in accordance with Table 2, “Use Categories for Specific Products, Uses, and Exposures,” of CAN/CSA-O80.1, “Specification of treated wood,” as follows:
(a)Use Category 1 (UC1), where the wood member is used in
(i)interior construction,
(ii)above-ground applications, and
(iii)applications where the wood member remains dry,
(b)Use Category 2 (UC2), where the wood member is used in
(i)interior construction,
(ii)above-ground applications, and
(iii)applications where the wood member may be subjected to occasional sources of moisture,
(c)Use Category 3.2 (UC3.2), where the wood member is used in
(i)exterior construction,
(ii)above-ground applications, and
(iii)applications where the wood member is uncoated or is used in a configuration conducive to moisture accumulation,
(d)Use Category 4.1 (UC4.1), where
(i)the wood member is used in contact with the ground,
(ii)the wood member is used in contact with fresh water, or
(iii)the vertical clearance between the wood element and the finished ground level is less than 150 mm and the wood elements are not separated from permeable supporting materials by a moisture barrier, or
(e)Use Category 4.2 (UC4.2), where the wood member is used in critical structural components, including permanent wood foundations.
(6)Where wood is protected in accordance with UC1 or UC2 using an inorganic boron preservative, the wood shall be
(a)protected from direct exposure to water during and after the completion of construction, and
(b)separated from permeable supporting materials by a moisture barrier that is resistant to all expected mechanisms of deterioration in the service environment if the vertical clearance to the ground is less than 150 mm.
(7)Wood that is required by this Article to be treated to resist termites or decay shall be identified by a mark to indicate the type of preservative used and conformance to the relevant required Use Category.
9.3.3. Metal Copy linkAdd bookmark
9.3.3.1. Sheet Metal Thickness Copy linkAdd bookmark
(1)Minimum thicknesses for sheet metal material that are stated in this Part refer to the actual minimum base metal thicknesses measured at any point of the material, and in the case of galvanized steel described in Sentence 9.3.3.2.(1), include the thickness of the galvanizing coating unless otherwise indicated.
9.3.3.2. Galvanized Sheet Steel Copy linkAdd bookmark
(1)Where sheet steel is required to be galvanized, it shall be metallic-coated with zinc or an alloy of 55% aluminum-zinc meeting the requirements of
(a)ASTM A653 / A653M, “Standard Specification for Steel Sheet, Zinc-Coated (Galvanized) or Zinc-Iron Alloy-Coated (Galvannealed) by the Hot-Dip Process,” or
(b)ASTM A792 / A792M, “Standard Specification for Sheet Steel, 55% Aluminum-Zinc Alloy-Coated by the Hot-Dip Process.”
(2)Where galvanized sheet steel is intended for use in locations exposed to the weather or as a flashing material, it shall have a zinc coating not less than the G90 (Z275) coating designation or an aluminum-zinc alloy coating not less than the AZM150 coating designation, as referred to in Sentence (1).