Division B
Part 9 - Housing and Small Buildings
Section 9.1. General Copy linkAdd bookmark
9.1.1. Application Copy linkAdd bookmark
9.1.1.1. Application Copy linkAdd bookmark
(1)The application of this Part shall be as described in Subsection 1.3.3. of Division A.
9.1.1.2. Signs Copy linkAdd bookmark
(1)Signs shall conform to the requirements in Section 3.15.
9.1.1.3. Self-Service Storage Buildings Copy linkAdd bookmark
(1)Self-service storage buildings shall conform to the requirements in Section 3.10.
9.1.1.4. Tents and Air-Supported Structures Copy linkAdd bookmark
(1)Tents shall conform to the requirements in Subsection 3.14.1.
(2)Air-supported structures shall conform to the requirements in Subsection 3.14.2.
9.1.1.5. Proximity to Existing Above Ground Electrical Conductors Copy linkAdd bookmark
(1)Where a building is constructed in close proximity to existing above ground electrical conductors, the requirements of Subsection 3.1.20. shall apply.
9.1.1.6. Food Premises Copy linkAdd bookmark
(1)The requirements of Subsection 3.7.6. apply to all food premises.
9.1.1.7. Radon Copy linkAdd bookmark
(1)In addition to all other requirements, a building in the following designated areas shall be designed and constructed so that the annual average concentration of radon 222 does not exceed 200 Bq/m3 of air and the annual average concentration of the short lived daughters of radon 222 does not exceed 0.02 working levels inside the building for,
(a)the City of Elliot Lake in the Territorial District of Algoma,
(b)the Township of Faraday in the County of Hastings, and
(c)the geographic Township of Hyman in the Territorial District of Sudbury.
9.1.1.8. Building in Flood Plains Copy linkAdd bookmark
(1)Buildings constructed on flood plains shall,
(a)be designed and constructed in accordance with good engineering practice to withstand anticipated vertical and horizontal hydrostatic pressures acting on the structure, and
(b)incorporate floodproofing measures that will preserve the integrity of exits and means of egress during times of flooding.
9.1.1.9. Site Assembled and Factory-Built Buildings (See Note A-9.1.1.9.) Copy linkAdd bookmark
(1)Except as provided in Sentence (2) and in Sentences 12.2.1.2.(1) and (2), a manufactured building is deemed to comply with this Code if it is designed and constructed in compliance with,
(a)CSA Z240.2.1, “Structural requirements for manufactured homes,” if the building is constructed in sections not wider than 4.88 m, or
(b)CSA A277, “Procedure for certification of prefabricated buildings, modules, and panels.”
(2)The requirements of this Code shall apply to,
(a)building components designed and constructed outside the place of manufacture, and
(b)site installation of such buildings.
9.1.1.10. Public Pools and Public Spas Copy linkAdd bookmark
(1)Public pools shall conform to the requirements of Section 3.11. and public spas shall conform to the requirements of Section 3.12.
9.1.1.11. Shelf and Rack Storage Systems Copy linkAdd bookmark
(1)Shelf and rack storage systems shall conform to the requirements of Section 3.16.
Section 9.2. Definitions Copy linkAdd bookmark
9.2.1. General Copy linkAdd bookmark
9.2.1.1. Defined Words Copy linkAdd bookmark
(1)Words in italics are defined in Article 1.4.1.2. of Division A.
Section 9.3. Materials, Systems and Equipment Copy linkAdd bookmark
9.3.1. Concrete Copy linkAdd bookmark
9.3.1.1. General Copy linkAdd bookmark
(1)Except as provided in Sentence (2) and Articles 9.3.1.6. and 9.3.1.7., unreinforced and nominally reinforced concrete shall be designed, mixed, placed, cured and tested in accordance with the requirements for “R” class concrete stated in Section 9 of CSA A23.1, “Concrete materials and methods of concrete construction.”
(2)Unreinforced and nominally reinforced site-batched concrete shall be designed, mixed, placed and cured in accordance with Articles 9.3.1.2. to 9.3.1.9.
(3)Except as provided in Sentence (4), Subsection 9.15.4. and Section 9.40., reinforced concrete shall be designed to conform to the requirements of Part 4.
(4) For flat insulating concrete form walls not exceeding 2 storeys in building height and having a maximum floor to floor height of 3 m, in buildings of light-frame construction, the concrete and reinforcing shall comply with Part 4 or
(a)the concrete shall conform to CSA A23.1, “Concrete materials and methods of concrete construction,” with a maximum aggregate size of 19 mm, and
(b)the reinforcing shall,
(i)conform to CSA G30.18, “Carbon steel bars for concrete reinforcement”,
(ii)have a minimum specified yield strength of 400 MPa, and
(iii)be lapped a minimum of 450 mm for 10M bars and 650 mm for 15M bars. (See also Articles 9.15.4.5. and 9.20.17.2. to 9.20.17.4.)
9.3.1.2. Cement Copy linkAdd bookmark
(1)Cement shall meet the requirements of CSA A3001, “Cementitious materials for use in concrete.”
9.3.1.3. Concrete in Contact With Sulfate Soil Copy linkAdd bookmark
(1)Concrete in contact with sulphate soil, which is deleterious to normal cement, shall conform to the requirements in Clause 4.1.1.6 of CSA A23.1, “Concrete materials and methods of concrete construction.”
9.3.1.4. Aggregates Copy linkAdd bookmark
(1)Aggregates shall
(a)consist of sand, gravel, crushed rock, crushed air-cooled blast furnace slag, expanded shale or expanded clay conforming to CSA A23.1, “Concrete materials and methods of concrete construction,” and
(b)be clean, well-graded and free of injurious amounts of organic and other deleterious material.
9.3.1.5. Water Copy linkAdd bookmark
(1)Water shall be clean and free of injurious amounts of oil, organic matter, sediment or any other deleterious material.
9.3.1.6. Compressive Strength Copy linkAdd bookmark
(See also Article 9.12.4.1., Sentence 9.15.4.2.(1) and Article 9.18.6.1.)
(1)Except as provided elsewhere in this Part, the compressive strength of unreinforced concrete after 28 days shall be not less than,
(a)32 MPa for garage floors, carport floors and all exterior flatwork,
(b)20 MPa for interior floors other than those for garages and carports, and
(c)15 MPa for all other applications.
(2)Site-batched concrete used for garage floors, carport floors and exterior flatwork shall have air entrainment of 5 to 8%.
9.3.1.7. Concrete Mixes (See Note A-9.3.1.7.) Copy linkAdd bookmark
(1)For pre-mixed concrete and for the site-batched concrete mixes described in Table 9.3.1.7., the maximum ratio of water to cementing materials measured by weight shall not exceed
(a)0.45 for garage floors, carport floors and all exterior flatwork,
(b)0.65 for interior floors other than those for garages and carports, and
(c)0.70 for all other applications.
(2)The size of aggregate in unreinforced site-batched concrete mixes referred to in Sentence (1) shall not exceed,
(a)1/5 the distance between the sides of vertical forms, or
(b)1/3 the thickness of flatwork.
| Maximum Size of Coarse Aggregate, mm | Materials, volume | |||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Cementing Material | Fine Aggregate (damp average coarse sand) | Coarse Aggregate (gravel or crushed stone) | ||||
| Parts(1) | L | Parts | L | Parts | L | |
| 14 | 1 | 28 | 1.75 | 49 | 2 | 56 |
| 20 | 1 | 28 | 1.75 | 49 | 2.5 | 70 |
| 28 | 1 | 28 | 2 | 56 | 3 | 84 |
| 40 | 1 | 28 | 2 | 56 | 3.5 | 98 |
Notes to Table 9.3.1.7.:
9.3.1.8. Admixtures Copy linkAdd bookmark
(1)Admixtures shall conform to ASTM C260 / C260M, “Standard Specification for Air-Entraining Admixtures for Concrete,” or ASTM C494 / C494M, “Standard Specification for Chemical Admixtures for Concrete,” as applicable.
9.3.1.9. Cold Weather Requirements Copy linkAdd bookmark
(1)When the air temperature is below 5°C, concrete shall be
(a)kept at a temperature of not less than 10°C or more than 25°C while being mixed and placed, and
(b)maintained at a temperature of not less than 10°C for 72 h after placing.
(2)No frozen material or ice shall be used in concrete described in Sentence (1).
9.3.2. Lumber and Wood Products Copy linkAdd bookmark
9.3.2.1. Grade Marking Copy linkAdd bookmark
(1)Lumber for joists, rafters, trusses and beams and for the uses listed in Table 9.3.2.1. shall be identified by a grade stamp to indicate its grade as determined by the NLGA, “Standard Grading Rules for Canadian Lumber.” (See Note A-9.3.2.1.(1))
| Use | Boards(1) | Framing | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Paragraph in the NLGA Grading Rules Under Which Boards are Graded | All Species | |||
| All Species | Eastern White Pine & Red Pine | |||
| Para 113 | Para 114 | Para 118 | ||
| Stud wall framing (loadbearing members) | — | — | — | Stud, Standard, No. 2 |
| Stud wall framing (non-loadbearing members) | — | — | — | Stud, Utility, No. 3 |
| Plank frame construction (loadbearing members) | No. 3 Common | — | No. 3 Common | No. 2 |
| Plank frame construction (non-loadbearing members) | No. 5 Common | — | No. 5 Common | Economy, No. 3 |
| Post and beams less than 114 mm in thickness | — | — | — | Standard, No.2 |
| Post and beams not less than 114 mm in thickness | — | — | — | Standard |
| Roof sheathing | No. 3 Common | Standard | No. 4 Common | — |
| Subflooring | No. 3 Common | Standard | No. 3 Common | — |
| Wall sheathing when required as a nailing base | No. 4 Common | Utility | No. 4 Common | — |
| Wall sheathing not required as a nailing base | No. 5 Common | Economy | No. 5 Common | — |
Notes to Table 9.3.2.1.:
9.3.2.2. Lumber Grades Copy linkAdd bookmark
(1)Except for joists, rafters, trusses and beams, visually graded lumber shall conform to the grades in Table 9.3.2.1. (See Article 9.23.4.2. for joists, rafters and beams and Article 9.23.14.11. for trusses.)
9.3.2.3. Machine Stress Rated Lumber Copy linkAdd bookmark
(1)Machine stress rated lumber shall conform to the requirements of Subsection 4.3.1.
9.3.2.4. OSB, Waferboard and Plywood Marking Copy linkAdd bookmark
(1)OSB, waferboard and plywood used for roof sheathing, wall sheathing and subflooring shall be legibly identified on the face of the material indicating,
(a)the manufacturer of the material,
(b)the standard to which it is produced, and
(c)that the material is of an exterior type.
9.3.2.5. Moisture Content Copy linkAdd bookmark
(1)Moisture content of lumber shall be not more than 19% at the time of installation.
9.3.2.6. Lumber Dimensions Copy linkAdd bookmark
(1)Lumber dimensions referred to in this Part are actual dimensions determined in conformance with CSA O141, “Softwood Lumber.”
9.3.2.7. Panel Thickness Tolerances Copy linkAdd bookmark
(1)The thicknesses specified in this Part for plywood, hardboard, particleboard, OSB and waferboard shall be subject to the tolerances permitted in the standards referenced for these products unless specifically indicated herein.
9.3.2.8. Undersized Lumber Copy linkAdd bookmark
(1)Joist, rafter, lintel and beam members up to 5% less than the actual Canadian standard sizes are permitted to be used provided the allowable spans for the grade and species of lumber under consideration are reduced 5% from those shown in the Span Tables for full size members. (See Note A-9.3.2.8.(1))
9.3.2.9. Termite and Decay Protection Copy linkAdd bookmark
(1)In localities where termites are known to occur,
(a)clearance between structural wood elements and the finished ground level directly below them shall be not less than 450 mm and, except as provided in Sentence (2), all sides of the supporting elements shall be visible to permit inspection, or
(b)structural wood elements, supported by elements in contact with the ground or exposed over bare soil, shall be pressure-treated with a chemical that is toxic to termites.
(See Note A-9.3.2.9.(1))
(2)In localities where termites are known to occur and foundations are insulated or otherwise finished in a manner that could conceal a termite infestation,
(a)a metal or plastic barrier shall be installed through the insulation and any other separation or finish materials above finished ground level to control the passage of termites behind or through the insulation, separation or finish materials, and
(b)all sides of the finished supporting assembly shall be visible to permit inspection.
(3)Structural wood elements shall be pressure-treated with a preservative to resist decay where the vertical clearance between structural wood elements and the finished ground level is less than 150 mm. (See Note A-9.3.2.9.(3))
(3.1)In localities where termites are known to occur and where windows or other openings at or below grade contain wood elements, the bottom of window wells or adjacent ground shall be at least 150 mm below the nearest wood unless the wood is pressure-treated with a chemical toxic to termites.
(4)Structural wood elements used in retaining walls and cribbing shall be pressure-treated with a preservative to resist decay, where
(a)the retaining wall or cribbing supports ground that is critical to the stability of building foundations, or
(b)the retaining wall or cribbing is greater than 1.2 m in height.
(See Note A-9.3.2.9.(4))
(5)Where wood is required by this Article to be treated to resist termites or decay, such treatment shall be in accordance with Table 2, “Use Categories for Specific Products, Uses, and Exposures,” of CAN/CSA-O80.1, “Specification of treated wood,” as follows:
(a)Use Category 1 (UC1), where the wood member is used in
(i)interior construction,
(ii)above-ground applications, and
(iii)applications where the wood member remains dry,
(b)Use Category 2 (UC2), where the wood member is used in
(i)interior construction,
(ii)above-ground applications, and
(iii)applications where the wood member may be subjected to occasional sources of moisture,
(c)Use Category 3.2 (UC3.2), where the wood member is used in
(i)exterior construction,
(ii)above-ground applications, and
(iii)applications where the wood member is uncoated or is used in a configuration conducive to moisture accumulation,
(d)Use Category 4.1 (UC4.1), where
(i)the wood member is used in contact with the ground,
(ii)the wood member is used in contact with fresh water, or
(iii)the vertical clearance between the wood element and the finished ground level is less than 150 mm and the wood elements are not separated from permeable supporting materials by a moisture barrier, or
(e)Use Category 4.2 (UC4.2), where the wood member is used in critical structural components, including permanent wood foundations.
(6)Where wood is protected in accordance with UC1 or UC2 using an inorganic boron preservative, the wood shall be
(a)protected from direct exposure to water during and after the completion of construction, and
(b)separated from permeable supporting materials by a moisture barrier that is resistant to all expected mechanisms of deterioration in the service environment if the vertical clearance to the ground is less than 150 mm.
(7)Wood that is required by this Article to be treated to resist termites or decay shall be identified by a mark to indicate the type of preservative used and conformance to the relevant required Use Category.
9.3.3. Metal Copy linkAdd bookmark
9.3.3.1. Sheet Metal Thickness Copy linkAdd bookmark
(1)Minimum thicknesses for sheet metal material that are stated in this Part refer to the actual minimum base metal thicknesses measured at any point of the material, and in the case of galvanized steel described in Sentence 9.3.3.2.(1), include the thickness of the galvanizing coating unless otherwise indicated.
9.3.3.2. Galvanized Sheet Steel Copy linkAdd bookmark
(1)Where sheet steel is required to be galvanized, it shall be metallic-coated with zinc or an alloy of 55% aluminum-zinc meeting the requirements of
(a)ASTM A653 / A653M, “Standard Specification for Steel Sheet, Zinc-Coated (Galvanized) or Zinc-Iron Alloy-Coated (Galvannealed) by the Hot-Dip Process,” or
(b)ASTM A792 / A792M, “Standard Specification for Sheet Steel, 55% Aluminum-Zinc Alloy-Coated by the Hot-Dip Process.”
(2)Where galvanized sheet steel is intended for use in locations exposed to the weather or as a flashing material, it shall have a zinc coating not less than the G90 (Z275) coating designation or an aluminum-zinc alloy coating not less than the AZM150 coating designation, as referred to in Sentence (1).
Section 9.4. Structural Requirements Copy linkAdd bookmark
9.4.1. Structural Design Requirements and Application Limitations Copy linkAdd bookmark
9.4.1.1. General (See Note A-9.4.1.1.) Copy linkAdd bookmark
(1)Subject to the application limitations defined elsewhere in this Part, structural members and their connections shall
(a)conform to requirements provided elsewhere in this Part,
(b)be designed according to good engineering practice such as provided in the CWC 2014, “Engineering Guide for Wood Frame Construction,” or
(c)be designed according to Part 4 using the loads and deflection and vibration limits specified in,
(i)this Part, or
(ii)Part 4.
(2)Where floor framing is designed in accordance with Clause (1)(b) or (c) and where supporting wall framing and fastenings, or footings, are designed according to Clause (1)(a), the maximum specified live load on the floor according to Table 4.1.5.3. shall not exceed 2.4 kPa.
(3)Location-specific information for structural design, including snow and wind loads and seismic spectral response accelerations, shall be determined according to MMAH Supplementary Standard SB-1, “Climatic and Seismic Data.”
(See Note A-9.4.1.1.(3))
9.4.2. Specified Loads Copy linkAdd bookmark
9.4.2.1. Application (See Note A-9.4.2.1. and 9.4.2.2.) Copy linkAdd bookmark
(1)This Subsection applies to light-frame construction whose wall, floor and roof planes are generally comprised of frames of small repetitive structural members, and where
(a)the roof and wall planes are clad, sheathed or braced on at least one side,
(b)the small repetitive structural members are spaced not more than 600 mm o.c.,
(c)the clear span of any structural member does not exceed 12.2 m,
(d)the maximum deflection of the structural roof members conforms to Article 9.4.3.1.,
(e)the maximum total roof area, notwithstanding any separation of adjoining buildings by firewalls, is 4 550 m2, and
(f)for flat roofs, there are no significant obstructions on the roof, such as parapet walls, spaced closer than the distance calculated by Do = 10(Ho – 0.8 Ss / γ) where Do = minimum distance between obstructions, m, Ho = height of the obstruction above the roof, m, Ss = ground snow load, kPa, and γ = specific weight of snow taken as 4.0 kN/m3 or 0.43Ss + 2.2 kN/m3, whichever is lesser.
9.4.2.2. Specified Snow Loads (See Note A-9.4.2.1. and 9.4.2.2.) Copy linkAdd bookmark
(1)Except as provided in Sentences (2) and (4), specified snow loads shall be not less than those calculated using the following formula:
S = CbSs + Sr
where
S = specified snow load,
Cb = basic snow load roof factor, which is 0.45 where the entire width of a roof does not exceed 4.3 m and 0.55 for all other roofs,
Ss = 1-in-50 year ground snow load in kPa, determined according to MMAH Supplementary Standard SB-1, “Climatic and Seismic Data,” and
Sr = associated 1-in-50 year rain load in kPa, determined according to MMAH Supplementary Standard SB-1, “Climatic and Seismic Data.”
(2)In no case shall the specified snow load be less than 1 kPa.
(3)Bow string, arch or semi-circular roof trusses having an unsupported span greater than 6 m shall be designed in conformance with the snow load requirements in Subsection 4.1.6.
(4)Where the height of a roof step at the intersection of an upper level roof and a lower level roof is greater than 2 m, and the upper level roof has a slope less than 1 in 6 and an area greater than 600 m2, the specified snow load on the lower level roof shall be
(a)for distances from the roof step that are less than or equal to the drift length, xd, calculated in accordance with Sentence (5), not less than 1.5 times the specified snow load, S, calculated using the formula in Sentence (1) with Cb equal to 0.55, and
(b)for distances from the roof step that are greater than the drift length, xd, calculated in accordance with Sentence (5), as specified in Sentence (1).
(5)For the purposes of Sentence (4), the drift length, xd, in m, shall be calculated as follows: xd = 5(h − 0.55Ss / γ) where h = height of the roof step, in m, and γ = specific weight of snow as specified in Clause 9.4.2.1.(1)(f).
9.4.2.3. Platforms Subject to Snow and Occupancy Loads Copy linkAdd bookmark
(1)Balconies, decks and other accessible exterior platforms intended for an occupancy and subject to snow loads shall be designed to carry the specified roof snow load or 1.9 kPa, whichever is greater, where the platform, or each segregated area of the platform, serves a single dwelling unit. (See Note A-9.4.2.3.(1))
9.4.2.4. Attics and Roof Spaces Copy linkAdd bookmark
(1)Ceiling joists or truss bottom chords in residential attic or roof spaces having limited accessibility that precludes the storage of equipment or material shall be designed for a total specified load of not less than 0.35 kPa, where the total specified load is the sum of the specified dead load plus the specified live load of the ceiling. (See Note A-9.4.2.4.(1))
9.4.3. Deflections Copy linkAdd bookmark
9.4.3.1. Deflections Copy linkAdd bookmark
(1)The maximum deflection of structural members shall conform to Table 9.4.3.1.
(2)Dead loads need not be considered in computing deflections referred to in Sentence (1).
| Structural Members | Type of Ceiling Supported | Max. Allowable Deflection as an Expressed Ratio of the Clear Span |
|---|---|---|
| Roof rafters, roof joists and roof beams | No ceiling | 1/180 |
| Other than plaster or gypsum board | 1/240 | |
| Plaster or gypsum board | 1/360 | |
| Ceiling joists | Other than plaster or gypsum board | 1/240 |
| Plaster or gypsum board | 1/360 | |
| Floor beams, floor joists and floor decking | All cases | 1/360 |
| Beams, joists and decking for balconies, decks and other accessible exterior platforms | Serving a single dwelling unit | 1/240 |
| Other | 1/360 |
9.4.4. Foundation Conditions Copy linkAdd bookmark
9.4.4.1. Allowable Bearing Pressures Copy linkAdd bookmark
(1)Footing sizes for shallow foundations shall be
(a)determined in accordance with Section 9.15., or
(b)designed in accordance with Section 4.2. using,
(i)the maximum allowable bearing pressures in Table 9.4.4.1., or
(ii)allowable bearing pressures determined from subsurface investigation.
(2)The design procedures described in Section 4.2. are permitted to be used in lieu of the design procedures in this Subsection.
| Type and Condition of Soil or Rock | Maximum Allowable Bearing Pressure, kPa |
|---|---|
| Dense or compact sand or gravel(1) | 150 |
| Loose sand or gravel(1) | 50 |
| Dense or compact silt(1) | 100 |
| Stiff clay(1) | 150 |
| Firm clay(1) | 75 |
| Soft clay(1) | 40 |
| Till | 200 |
| Clay shale | 300 |
| Sound rock | 500 |
Notes to Table 9.4.4.1.:
(3)The design procedures described in Section 4.2. shall be used where,
(a)deep foundations are used,
(b)the footing size falls outside the scope of this Section, or
(c)the foundation is constructed on peat, filled ground or on sensitive clays as described in Article 9.15.1.1.
9.4.4.2. Foundation Capacity in Weaker Soil and Rock Copy linkAdd bookmark
(1)Where a soil or rock within a distance equal to twice the footing width below the bearing surface has a lower allowable bearing pressure than that at the bearing surface as shown in Article 9.4.4.1., the design capacity of the foundation shall not be greater than would cause the weakest soil or rock to be stressed beyond its allowable bearing pressure.
(2)In calculating subsurface pressures referred to in Sentence (1), the loads from the footings shall be assumed to be distributed uniformly over a horizontal plane within a frustum extending downward from the footing at an angle of 60° to the horizontal.
9.4.4.3. High Water Table Copy linkAdd bookmark
(1)Where a foundation bears on gravel, sand or silt, and the water table is within a distance below the bearing surface equal to the width of the foundation, the allowable bearing pressure shall be 50% of that determined in Article 9.4.4.1.
9.4.4.4. Soil Movement Copy linkAdd bookmark
(1)Where a foundation is located in an area where soil movement caused by changes in soil moisture content, freezing, or chemical-microbiological oxidation is known to occur to the extent that it will damage a building, measures shall be taken to preclude such movement or to reduce the effects on the building so that the building’s stability and the performance of assemblies will not be adversely affected. (See Note A-9.4.4.4.(1))
9.4.4.5. Reserved Copy linkAdd bookmark
9.4.4.6. Walls Supporting Drained Earth (See Note A-9.4.4.6. and 9.15.1.1.) Copy linkAdd bookmark
(1)Except where constructed in accordance with Section 9.15., walls supporting drained earth shall be designed
(a)for a pressure equivalent to that exerted by a fluid with a density of not less than 480 kg/m3 and a depth equal to that of the retained earth, or
(b)in accordance with Section 4.2. so as to be able to resist the loads and effects described in Article 4.1.2.1.
(2)Walls supporting other than drained earth shall be designed
(a)for the pressure described in Clause (1)(a) plus the fluid pressure of the surcharge, or
(b)in accordance with Section 4.2. so as to be able to resist the loads and effects described in Article 4.1.2.1.
Section 9.5. Design of Areas, Spaces and Doorways Copy linkAdd bookmark
9.5.1. General Copy linkAdd bookmark
9.5.1.0A. Application Copy linkAdd bookmark
(1)Except as otherwise specified in this Part, this Section applies only to dwelling units that are intended for use on a continuing or year-round basis as the principal residence of the occupant.
9.5.1.1. Method of Measurement Copy linkAdd bookmark
(1)Except as otherwise specified in this Part, the areas, dimensions and heights of rooms or spaces shall be measured between finished wall surfaces and between finished floor and ceiling surfaces.
9.5.1.1A. Floor Areas Copy linkAdd bookmark
(1)Minimum floor areas specified in this Section do not include closets or built-in bedroom cabinets unless otherwise indicated.
9.5.1.2. Combination Rooms (See Note A-9.5.1.2.) Copy linkAdd bookmark
(1)Two or more areas may be considered as a combination room if the opening between the areas occupies the larger of 3 m2 or 40% or more of the wall measured on the side of the dependent area.
(2)Where the dependent area is a bedroom, direct passage shall be provided between the two areas.
(3)The opening required in Sentence (1) shall not contain doors or windows.
9.5.1.3. Lesser Areas and Dimensions Copy linkAdd bookmark
(1)Areas of rooms and spaces are permitted to be less than required in this Section provided it can be shown that the rooms and spaces are adequate for their intended use, such as by the provision of built-in furniture to compensate for reduced sizes.
9.5.2. Barrier-Free Design Copy linkAdd bookmark
9.5.2.1. General Copy linkAdd bookmark
(1)Except as provided in Sentence (2) and Article 3.8.1.1., every building shall be designed in conformance with Section 3.8.
(2)The requirements of Section 3.8. need not be provided for detached houses, semi-detached houses, houses with a secondary suite, duplexes, triplexes, row houses and boarding or rooming houses with fewer than eight boarders or roomers.
9.5.2.2. Protection on Floor Areas With a Barrier-Free Path of Travel Copy linkAdd bookmark
(1)Where a barrier-free path of travel required in Article 9.5.2.1. is provided to any storey above the first storey, the requirements in Article 3.3.1.7. shall apply.
9.5.2.3. Reserved Copy linkAdd bookmark
9.5.2.4. Stud Wall Reinforcement Copy linkAdd bookmark
(1)If wood wall studs or sheet steel wall studs enclose the main bathroom in a dwelling unit, reinforcement shall be installed to permit the future installation of the following:
(a)for a water closet, a grab bar described in Clauses 3.8.3.8.(3)(a) and a grab bar described in Clause 3.8.3.8.(3)(c),
(b)for a shower, a grab bar described in Clause 3.8.3.13.(2)(g), and
(c)for a bathtub, a grab bar described in Clause 3.8.3.13.(7)(e).
(See Note A-9.5.2.4.(1))
9.5.3. Ceiling Heights Copy linkAdd bookmark
9.5.3.1. Ceiling Heights of Rooms or Spaces Copy linkAdd bookmark
(1)Except as provided in Sentences (2) and (3), the ceiling heights and clear heights in rooms or spaces in residential occupancies and live/work units shall conform to Table 9.5.3.1.
(2)Ceiling heights in secondary suites shall be not less than 1.95 m.
(3)Clear heights under beams and ducting in secondary suites shall be not less than 1.85 m.
(4)Areas in rooms or spaces over which ceiling height and clear height are not less than the minimum specified in Table 9.5.3.1. or Sentence (2) or (3) shall be contiguous with the entry or entries to those rooms or spaces.
| Room or Space | Minimum Heights(1) |
|---|---|
| Living room or space, dining room or space, kitchen or kitchen space | 2 300 mm over at least 75% of the required floor area with a clear height of 2 100 mm at any point over the required area |
| Bedroom or bedroom space | 2 300 mm over at least 50% of the required area or 2 100 mm over all of the required floor area. Any part of the floor having a clear height of less than 1 400 mm shall not be considered in computing the required floor area |
| Basement space | 2 100 mm over at least 75% of the basement area except that under beams and ducts the clearance is permitted to be reduced to 1 950 mm |
| Bathroom, water closet room or laundry area above grade | 2 100 mm in any area where a person would normally be in a standing position |
| Passage, hall or main entrance vestibule and finished rooms not specifically mentioned above | 2 100 mm |
Notes to Table 9.5.3.1.:
9.5.3.2. Mezzanines Copy linkAdd bookmark
(1)The ceiling height above and below a mezzanine floor assembly in all occupancies shall be not less than 2.1 m.
9.5.3.3. Storage Garages Copy linkAdd bookmark
(1)The clear height in a storage garage shall be not less than 2 m.
9.5.3A. Living Rooms or Spaces Within Dwelling Units Copy linkAdd bookmark
9.5.3A.1. Areas of Living Rooms and Spaces Copy linkAdd bookmark
(1)Living areas within dwelling units, either as separate rooms or in combination with other spaces, shall have an area not less than 13.5 m².
(2)Where the area of a living space is combined with a kitchen and dining area, the living area alone in a dwelling unit that contains sleeping accommodation for not more than two persons shall be not less than 11 m².
9.5.3B. Dining Rooms or Spaces Within Dwelling Units Copy linkAdd bookmark
9.5.3B.1. Area of Dining Rooms or Spaces Copy linkAdd bookmark
(1)A dining space in combination with other space shall have an area of not less than 3.25 m².
(2)Dining rooms not combined with other space shall have a minimum area of 7 m².
9.5.3C. Kitchens Within Dwelling Units Copy linkAdd bookmark
9.5.3C.1. Kitchen Areas Copy linkAdd bookmark
(1)Kitchen areas within dwelling units either separate from or in combination with other spaces, shall have an area of not less than 4.2 m² including the area occupied by the base cabinets, except that in dwelling units containing sleeping accommodation for not more than two persons, the minimum area shall be 3.7 m².
9.5.3D. Bedrooms or Spaces in Dwelling Units and Dormitories Copy linkAdd bookmark
9.5.3D.1. Areas of Bedrooms Copy linkAdd bookmark
(1)Except as provided in Articles 9.5.3D.2. and 9.5.3D.3., bedrooms in dwelling units shall have an area not less than 7 m² where built-in cabinets are not provided and not less than 6 m² where built-in cabinets are provided.
9.5.3D.2. Areas of Master Bedrooms Copy linkAdd bookmark
(1)Except as provided in Article 9.5.3D.3., at least one bedroom in every dwelling unit shall have an area of not less than 9.8 m² where built-in cabinets are not provided and not less than 8.8 m² where built-in cabinets are provided.
9.5.3D.3. Areas of Combination Bedrooms Copy linkAdd bookmark
(1)Bedroom spaces in combination with other spaces in dwelling units shall have an area not less than 4.2 m².
9.5.3D.4. Areas of Other Sleeping Rooms Copy linkAdd bookmark
(1)Sleeping rooms other than in dwelling units shall have an area not less than 7 m² per person for single occupancy and 4.6 m² per person for multiple occupancy.
9.5.3D.5. Recreational Camps Copy linkAdd bookmark
(1)Recreational camps shall have an area in the sleeping quarters of at least 3.72 m² per camper or, if double or triple tier bunk units are used, 2.79 m² per camper.
9.5.3D.6. Camps for Housing Workers Copy linkAdd bookmark
(1)A camp for housing of workers shall have a minimum area of 3.72 m² per employee in every room used for sleeping purposes.
9.5.3E. Combined Spaces Copy linkAdd bookmark
9.5.3E.1. Combined Living, Dining, Bedroom and Kitchen Spaces Copy linkAdd bookmark
(1)Despite Subsections 9.5.3A. to 9.5.3D., where living, dining, bedroom and kitchen spaces are combined in a dwelling unit that contains sleeping accommodation for not more than two persons, the area of the combined spaces shall be not less than 13.5 m2.
9.5.3F. Bathrooms and Water Closet Rooms Copy linkAdd bookmark
9.5.3F.1. Space to Accommodate Fixtures Copy linkAdd bookmark
(1)In every dwelling unit an enclosed space of sufficient size shall be provided to accommodate a water closet, lavatory and bathtub or shower stall.
9.5.3F.2. Doors to Rooms Containing Water Closets Copy linkAdd bookmark
(1)A door shall be provided to each room containing a water closet within a dwelling unit.
9.5.4. Hallways Copy linkAdd bookmark
9.5.4.1. Hallway Width Copy linkAdd bookmark
(1)The unobstructed width of a hallway within a dwelling unit shall be not less than 860 mm, except that the hallway width is permitted to be 710 mm where
(a)there are only bedrooms and bathrooms at the end of the hallway furthest from the living area, and
(b)a second exit is provided
(i)in the hallway near the end furthest from the living area, or
(ii)in each bedroom served by the hallway.
9.5.5. Doorway Sizes Copy linkAdd bookmark
9.5.5.1. Doorway Opening Sizes Copy linkAdd bookmark
(1)Except as provided in Sentence (2) and Articles 9.5.5.3., 9.9.6.2. and 9.9.6.3., doorway openings within dwelling units and within houses with a secondary suite including their common spaces shall be designed to accommodate at least the door sizes given in Table 9.5.5.1. for swing-type and folding doors.
(2)Doorway openings within secondary suites shall be designed to accommodate swing-type and folding doors not less than 1 890 mm high where the ceiling height complies with Sentence 9.5.3.1.(2).
| At Entrance to: | Minimum Width, mm | Minimum Height, mm |
|---|---|---|
| Dwelling unit or house with a secondary suite including common spaces (required entrance) Vestibule or entrance hall | 810 | 1 980 |
| Stairs to a floor level that contains a finished space All doors in at least one line of passage from the exterior to the basement Utility rooms | 810 | 1 980 |
| Walk-in closet | 610 | 1 980 |
| Bathroom, water-closet room, shower room(1) | 610 | 1 980 |
| Rooms located off hallways that are permitted to be 710 mm wide | 610 | 1 980 |
| Rooms not mentioned above, exterior balconies | 760 | 1 980 |
Notes to Table 9.5.5.1.:
9.5.5.2. Doors to Public Water-Closet Rooms Copy linkAdd bookmark
(1)Doors to public water closet rooms shall be not less than 810 mm wide and 2 030 mm high.
9.5.5.3. Doors to Bathrooms Copy linkAdd bookmark
(1)Where a barrier-free path of travel conforming to Section 3.8. is provided into a suite of residential occupancy and where a bathroom within the suite is at the level of the suite entrance door, the doorway to such bathroom and to each bedroom at the same level as such bathroom shall have, when the door is in the open position, a clear width of not less than,
(a)760 mm where the door is served by a corridor or space not less than 1 060 mm wide, and
(b)810 mm where the door is served by a corridor or space less than 1 060 mm wide.
Section 9.6. Glass Copy linkAdd bookmark
9.6.1. General Copy linkAdd bookmark
9.6.1.1. Application Copy linkAdd bookmark
(1)This Section applies to
(a)glass in
(i)interior doors and interior windows and their sidelights,
(ii)clothes closets,
(iii)site-built exterior windows, doors and skylights,
(iv)shower or bathtub enclosures,
(v)glazed panels and partitions, and
(b)the protection of glass.
9.6.1.2. Material Standards for Glass Copy linkAdd bookmark
(1)Glass shall conform to
(a)CAN/CGSB-12.1, “Safety Glazing,”
(b)CAN/CGSB-12.2-M, “Flat, Clear Sheet Glass,”
(c)CAN/CGSB-12.3-M, “Flat, Clear Float Glass,”
(d)CAN/CGSB-12.4-M, “Heat Absorbing Glass,”
(e)CAN/CGSB-12.8, “Insulating glass units,”
(f)CAN/CGSB-12.9, “Spandrel glass,”
(g)CAN/CGSB-12.10-M, “Glass, Light and Heat Reflecting,”
(h)CAN/CGSB-12.11-M, “Wired Safety Glass,” or
(i)ASTM E2190, “Standard Specification for Insulating Glass Unit Performance and Evaluation.”
(2)Mirrored glass doors are only permitted to be used only at the entrance to clothes closets and shall conform to the requirements of CAN/CGSB-82.6-M, “Doors, Mirrored Glass, Sliding or Folding, Wardrobe.” (See Note A-9.6.1.2.(2))
(3)Mirrored glass doors reinforced with a film backing shall meet the impact resistance requirements specified in CAN/CGSB-12.5-M, “Mirrors, Silvered.”
9.6.1.3. Structural Sufficiency of Glass Copy linkAdd bookmark
(1)Except as provided in Sentence (2), glass shall be designed in conformance with Article 4.3.6.1.
(2)Where the building has an essentially uniform distribution of paths for air leakage, including operable openings, but no large openings that would permit wind gusts to rapidly enter the building and the building is not in an exceptionally exposed location such as a hilltop, the maximum area of individual panes of glass for windows shall conform to
(a)Tables 9.6.1.3.-A to 9.6.1.3.-C, where the building has a height from grade to the uppermost roof of 12 m or less, and is located in a built-up area, no less than 120 m away from the boundary between this area and open terrain, or
(b)Tables 9.6.1.3.-D to 9.6.1.3.-F.
(See Note A-9.6.1.3.(2))
(3)The maximum area of individual panes of glass for doors shall conform to Table 9.6.1.3.-G.
| Type of Glass | Maximum Glass Area, m2 | |||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Glass Thickness, mm | ||||||||
| 2.5 | 3 | 4 | 5 | 6 | 8 | 10 | 12 | |
| Annealed | 0.58 | 0.96 | 1.47 | 2.04 | 2.84 | 4.74 | 6.65 | 9.74 |
| Factory-sealed insulated glass (IG) units(2) | 1.02 | 1.71 | 2.68 | 3.74 | 5.24 | 7.93 | 9.92 | 13.92 |
| Heat-strengthened or tempered | 1.24 | 1.93 | 2.60 | 3.18 | 3.99 | 5.55 | 6.99 | 9.74 |
| Wired | 0.27 | 0.45 | 0.68 | 0.93 | 1.31 | 2.15 | 3.07 | 5.03 |
Notes to Table 9.6.1.3.-A:
| Type of Glass | Maximum Glass Area, m2 | |||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Glass Thickness, mm | ||||||||
| 2.5 | 3 | 4 | 5 | 6 | 8 | 10 | 12 | |
| Annealed | 0.42 | 0.68 | 1.02 | 1.42 | 2.04 | 3.34 | 4.70 | 7.65 |
| Factory-sealed insulated glass (IG) units(2) | 0.72 | 1.19 | 1.85 | 2.56 | 3.64 | 6.01 | 8.35 | 11.83 |
| Heat-strengthened | 0.88 | 1.46 | 2.21 | 2.71 | 3.39 | 4.73 | 5.92 | 8.29 |
| Tempered | 1.18 | 1.64 | 2.21 | 2.71 | 3.39 | 4.73 | 5.92 | 8.29 |
| Wired | 0.20 | 0.32 | 0.50 | 0.68 | 0.94 | 1.55 | 2.19 | 3.60 |
Notes to Table 9.6.1.3.-B:
| Type of Glass | Maximum Glass Area, m2 | |||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Glass Thickness, mm | ||||||||
| 2.5 | 3 | 4 | 5 | 6 | 8 | 10 | 12 | |
| Annealed | 0.30 | 0.50 | 0.77 | 1.05 | 1.45 | 2.40 | 3.40 | 5.62 |
| Factory-sealed insulated glass (IG) units(2) | 0.52 | 0.86 | 1.31 | 1.86 | 2.57 | 4.30 | 6.10 | 9.89 |
| Heat-strengthened | 0.65 | 1.04 | 1.63 | 2.26 | 2.92 | 4.07 | 5.10 | 7.14 |
| Tempered | 1.01 | 1.42 | 1.90 | 2.33 | 2.92 | 4.07 | 5.10 | 7.14 |
| Wired | 0.16 | 0.26 | 0.38 | 0.52 | 0.71 | 1.15 | 1.63 | 2.69 |
Notes to Table 9.6.1.3.-C:
| Type of Glass | Maximum Glass Area, m2 | |||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Glass Thickness, mm | ||||||||
| 2.5 | 3 | 4 | 5 | 6 | 8 | 10 | 12 | |
| Annealed | 0.46 | 0.75 | 1.16 | 1.60 | 2.25 | 3.76 | 5.32 | 8.70 |
| Factory-sealed insulated glass (IG) units(2) | 0.80 | 1.34 | 2.11 | 2.93 | 4.10 | 6.90 | 9.66 | 12.53 |
| Heat-strengthened | 0.98 | 1.74 | 2.33 | 2.86 | 3.59 | 5.00 | 6.26 | 8.78 |
| Tempered | 1.25 | 1.74 | 2.33 | 2.86 | 3.59 | 5.00 | 6.26 | 8.78 |
| Wired | 0.22 | 0.36 | 0.55 | 0.76 | 1.05 | 1.75 | 2.47 | 4.09 |
Notes to Table 9.6.1.3.-D:
| Type of Glass | Maximum Glass Area, m2 | |||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Glass Thickness, mm | ||||||||
| 2.5 | 3 | 4 | 5 | 6 | 8 | 10 | 12 | |
| Annealed | 0.33 | 0.54 | 0.83 | 1.14 | 1.61 | 2.67 | 3.75 | 6.14 |
| Factory-sealed insulated glass (IG) units(2) | 0.57 | 0.94 | 1.47 | 2.04 | 2.85 | 4.75 | 6.72 | 10.97 |
| Heat-strengthened | 0.70 | 1.15 | 1.79 | 2.44 | 3.06 | 4.36 | 5.34 | 7.47 |
| Tempered | 1.06 | 1.48 | 1.99 | 2.44 | 3.06 | 4.36 | 5.34 | 7.47 |
| Wired | 0.16 | 0.26 | 0.40 | 0.55 | 0.76 | 1.24 | 1.77 | 2.93 |
Notes to Table 9.6.1.3.-E:
| Type of Glass | Maximum Glass Area, m2 | |||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Glass Thickness, mm | ||||||||
| 2.5 | 3 | 4 | 5 | 6 | 8 | 10 | 12 | |
| Annealed | 0.25 | 0.40 | 0.62 | 0.84 | 1.17 | 1.94 | 2.75 | 4.50 |
| Factory-sealed insulated glass (IG) units(2) | 0.42 | 0.68 | 1.04 | 1.46 | 2.05 | 3.41 | 4.87 | 7.92 |
| Heat-strengthened | 0.51 | 0.84 | 1.30 | 1.79 | 2.52 | 3.69 | 4.60 | 6.44 |
| Tempered | 0.92 | 1.28 | 1.72 | 2.10 | 2.63 | 3.69 | 4.60 | 6.44 |
| Wired | 0.12 | 0.20 | 0.30 | 0.41 | 0.57 | 0.94 | 1.31 | 2.18 |
Notes to Table 9.6.1.3.-F:
| Glass Thickness, mm | Maximum Glass Area, m2(1) | ||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Type of Glass | |||||||
| Annealed | Annealed, Multiple-Glazed, Factory-Sealed Units | Laminated | Wired | Heat-Strengthened | Fully Tempered | Fully Tempered, Multiple-Glazed, Factory-Sealed | |
| 3 | 0.50 | 0.70 | (2) | (2) | 1.00 | 1.00 | 2.00 |
| 4 | 1.00 | 1.50 | (2) | (2) | 1.50 | 4.00 | 4.00 |
| 5 | 1.50 | 1.50 | (2) | (2) | 1.50 | No limit | No limit |
| 6 | 1.50 | 1.50 | 1.20 | 1.00 | 1.50 | No limit | No limit |
Notes to Table 9.6.1.3.-G:
9.6.1.4. Types of Glass and Protection of Glass Copy linkAdd bookmark
(1)Glass sidelights greater than 500 mm wide that could be mistaken for doors, glass in storm doors and glass in sliding doors within or at every entrance to a dwelling unit and in public areas shall be
(a)safety glazing of the tempered or laminated type conforming to CAN/CGSB-12.1, “Safety Glazing,” or
(b)wired glass conforming to CAN/CGSB-12.11-M, “Wired Safety Glass.”
(2)Except as provided in Sentence (4), glass in entrance doors to dwelling units and in public areas, other than the entrance doors described in Sentence (1), shall be safety glazing or wired glass of the type described in Sentence (1) where the glass area exceeds 0.5 m2 and extends to less than 900 mm from the bottom of the door.
(3)Except as provided in Sentence (4), transparent panels that could be mistaken as a means of egress shall be protected by barriers or railings.
(4)Sliding glass partitions that separate a public corridor from an adjacent occupancy and that are open during normal working hours need not conform to Sentences (2), (3) and (5), except that such partitions shall be suitably marked to indicate their existence and position.
(5)Except as provided in Sentence (4), every glass or transparent door accessible to the public shall be equipped with hardware, bars or other permanent fixtures designed so that the existence and position of such doors is readily apparent.
(6)Glazing used for a shower or bathtub enclosure shall conform to Class A of CAN/CGSB-12.1, “Safety Glazing.”
Section 9.7. Windows, Doors and Skylights Copy linkAdd bookmark
9.7.1. General Copy linkAdd bookmark
9.7.1.1. Application Copy linkAdd bookmark
(1)This Section applies to
(a)windows, doors and skylights separating conditioned space from unconditioned space or the exterior, and
(b)main entrance doors.
(2)For the purpose of this Section, the term “skylight” refers to unit skylights, roof windows and tubular daylighting devices.
(3)For the purpose of this Section, the term “doors” includes glazing in doors and sidelights for doors.
9.7.2. Required Windows, Doors and Skylights Copy linkAdd bookmark
9.7.2.1. Entrance Doors Copy linkAdd bookmark
(1)A door shall be provided at each entrance to a dwelling unit.
(2)Main entrance doors to dwelling units shall be provided with
(a)a door viewer or transparent glazing in the door, or
(b)a sidelight.
9.7.2.2. Other Requirements for Windows, Doors and Skylights Copy linkAdd bookmark
(1)Minimum sizes of doorways and doors within a barrier-free path of travel shall conform to Section 9.5.
(2)The protection of window and door openings to protect persons from falling through them shall conform to Article 9.8.8.1.
(3)Properties of windows and doors within exits shall conform to Section 9.9.
(4)Windows and doors installed to provide the required means of egress from bedrooms shall conform to Subsection 9.9.10.
(5)The location and protection of windows, doors and skylights in order to control the spread of fire shall conform to Subsection 9.10.12.
(6)Doors between dwelling units and attached garages shall conform to Article 9.10.13.15.
(7)The surface flame-spread rating for doors and skylights shall conform to Article 9.10.17.1.
(8)Windows and doors installed to provide the required access to a building for firefighting purposes shall conform to Subsection 9.10.20.
(9)Windows and skylights installed to provide required non-heating season ventilation shall conform to Article 9.32.2.2.
9.7.2.3. Minimum Window Areas Copy linkAdd bookmark
(1)Except as required in Article 9.9.10.1. and Sentence (3), the minimum window glass areas for rooms in buildings of residential occupancy or rooms that are used for sleeping shall conform to Table 9.7.2.3.
(2)The unobstructed glass area of a door or skylight is considered equivalent to that of a window.
(3)Work areas in live/work units shall conform to Clause 3.7.2.1.(2)(a).
(4)Where rooms with different requirements for window glass area are combined as described in Sentence 9.5.1.4.(1), the more restrictive requirement shall govern.
| Location | Minimum Unobstructed Glass Area With No Electric Lighting | Minimum Unobstructed Glass Area With Electric Lighting |
|---|---|---|
| Laundry, basement recreation room, unfinished basement | 4% of area served | Windows not required |
| Water-closet room | 0.37 m² | Windows not required |
| Kitchen, kitchen space, kitchen alcove | 10% of area served | Windows not required |
| Living rooms and dining rooms | 10% of area served | 10% of area served |
| Bedrooms and other finished rooms not mentioned above | 5% of area served(1) | 5% of area served(1) |
Notes to Table 9.7.2.3.:
9.7.3. Performance of Windows, Doors and Skylights Copy linkAdd bookmark
9.7.3.1. General Performance Criteria Copy linkAdd bookmark
(1)Except as provided in Sentences (2) to (4), windows, doors and skylights and their components separating conditioned space from unconditioned space or the exterior shall be designed, constructed and installed so that, when in the closed position, they
(a)resist the ingress of precipitation into interior space, (See Note A-9.7.4.2.(1))
(b)resist wind loads,
(c)control air leakage,
(d)resist the ingress of insects and vermin,
(e)where required, resist forced entry, and
(f)are easily operable when not intended to be fixed.
(2)Skylights and their components shall be designed, constructed and installed so that, when in the closed position, they resist snow loads.
(3)Main entrance doors and their components shall be designed, constructed and installed so that, when in the closed position, they
(a)control air leakage,
(b)resist the ingress of insects and vermin,
(c)resist forced entry, and
(d)are easily operable.
(4)Storm doors, sliding doors and their components shall be designed, constructed and installed so that, when in the closed position, they
(a)resist wind loads,
(b)control air leakage to a minimum allowable 5 m3h/m and a maximum allowable 8.35 m3h/m,
(c)resist the ingress of insects and vermin, and
(d)are easily operable.
(5)Compliance with the performance requirements described in Sentences (1) to (4) shall be demonstrated by
(a)complying with the requirements in
(i)Subsection 9.7.4. or 9.7.5., and
(ii)Subsection 9.7.6., or
(b)design and construction conforming to Part 5.
9.7.3.2. Heat Transfer Performance Copy linkAdd bookmark
(1)Windows, doors and skylights described in Clause 9.7.1.1.(1)(a) and their components shall be designed, constructed and installed to
(a)minimize surface condensation on the warm side of the component, and (See Note A-9.7.3.2.(1)(a))
(b)ensure comfortable conditions for occupants.
(2)Compliance with the heat transfer performance requirements described in Sentence (1) shall be demonstrated by
(a)complying with the requirements in Article 9.7.3.3., or
(b)design and construction conforming to Part 5.
9.7.3.3. Thermal Characteristics of Windows, Doors and Skylights Copy linkAdd bookmark
(1)Metal frames and sash of windows, doors and skylights shall incorporate a thermal break.
(2)Windows and doors described in Sentence (1) do not require a thermal break where they are installed as
(a)vehicular access doors,
(b)storm windows and doors, or
(c)windows and doors that are required to have a fire-resistance rating.
(3)Windows, doors and skylights with or without storm doors or sash that are installed in buildings where the intended use of the interior space will not result in high moisture generation shall have a maximum thermal transmittance (U-value) or minimum temperature index (I) in accordance with Table 9.7.3.3.
(4)Windows, doors and skylights, with or without storm doors or sash that are installed in portions of buildings where the intended use of the interior space will result in high moisture generation shall be designed in conformance with Subsection 5.3. (See Note A-9.25.5.2.)
| Component | 2.5% January Design Temperature | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Between -15°C and -30°C | Colder than -30°C | |||
| max. U-value, W/m2K | min. I | max. U-value, W/m2K | min. I | |
| Windows and Doors | 2.0 | 68 | 1.7 | 77 |
| Skylights | 3.0 | (2) | 2.7 | (2) |
Notes to Table 9.7.3.3.:
9.7.4. Manufactured Windows, Doors and Skylights Copy linkAdd bookmark
9.7.4.1. Application Copy linkAdd bookmark
(1)This Subsection applies to windows, doors and skylights covered in the scope of AAMA/WDMA/CSA 101/I.S.2/A440, “North American Fenestration Standard/Specification for windows, doors, and skylights” (Harmonized Standard).
9.7.4.2. General Copy linkAdd bookmark
(1)Manufactured and pre-assembled windows, doors and skylights and their installation shall conform to
(a)AAMA/WDMA/CSA 101/I.S.2/A440, “North American Fenestration Standard/Specification for windows, doors, and skylights” (Harmonized Standard),
(b)CSA A440S1, “Canadian Supplement to AAMA/WDMA/CSA 101/I.S.2/A440-17, North American Fenestration Standard/Specification for windows, doors, and skylights,”
(c)the remainder of this Subsection, and
(d)the applicable requirements in Subsection 9.7.6.
(See Note A-9.7.4.2.(1))
9.7.4.3. Performance Requirements Copy linkAdd bookmark
(1)Performance grades for windows, doors and skylights shall be selected according to CSA A440S1, “Canadian Supplement to AAMA/WDMA/CSA 101/I.S.2/A440-17, North American Fenestration Standard/Specification for windows, doors, and skylights” so as to be appropriate for the conditions and geographic location in which the window, door or skylight will be installed.
(2)Windows, doors and skylights shall conform to the performance grades selected under Sentence (1) when tested in accordance with AAMA/WDMA/CSA 101/I.S.2/A440, “North American Fenestration Standard/Specification for windows, doors, and skylights” (Harmonized Standard).
(3)The minimum level of performance required for windows, doors and skylights shall be that of the Performance Class R.
(4)Exterior wood doors shall conform to CAN/CSA-O132.2 Series, “Wood Flush Doors,” and shall have legibly indicated on them
(a)the name of the manufacturer,
(b)the standard to which they were produced, and
(c)that they are of an exterior type.
9.7.5. Site-Built Windows, Doors and Skylights Copy linkAdd bookmark
9.7.5.1. Application and Compliance Copy linkAdd bookmark
(1)Materials, design, construction and installation of windows, doors and skylights that separate conditioned space from unconditioned space or the exterior but that are not within the scope of AAMA/WDMA/CSA 101/I.S.2/A440, “North American Fenestration Standard/Specification for windows, doors, and skylights,” shall conform
(a)to
(i)the remainder of this Subsection or Subsection 9.7.4., and
(ii)the applicable requirements in Subsection 9.7.6., or
(b)to Part 5.
(2)Glass for site-built windows, doors, sidelights for doors, and skylights shall comply with Section 9.6.
9.7.5.2. Resistance to Forced Entry for Doors Copy linkAdd bookmark
(1)Except for exterior doors to garages and to other ancillary spaces, this Article applies to
(a)swinging entrance doors to dwelling units,
(b)swinging doors between dwelling units and attached garages or other ancillary spaces, and
(c)swinging doors that provide access directly or indirectly from a storage garage to a dwelling unit.
(See Note A-9.7.5.2.(1))
(2)Doors, frames and hardware that conform to a security level of at least Grade 10 as described in the Annex to ASTM F476, “Standard Test Methods for Security of Swinging Door Assemblies,” are not required to conform to Sentences (3) to (7). (See Note A-9.7.5.2.(2))
(3)Except as permitted in Sentence (2), wood doors as described in Sentence (1) shall
(a)be solid core or stile-and-rail type,
(b)be not less than 45 mm thick, and
(c)if of the stile-and-rail type, have a panel thickness of not less than 19 mm, with a total panel area not more than half of the door area.
(4)Except as permitted in Sentence (2), doors described in Sentence (1) shall be provided with
(a)a deadbolt lock with a cylinder having no fewer than 5 pins, and
(b)a bolt throw not less than 25 mm long, protected with a solid or hardened free-turning ring or beveled cylinder housing. (See Article 9.9.6.7.)
(5)Except as permitted in Sentence (2), an inactive leaf in double doors used in locations specified in Sentence (1) shall be provided with heavy-duty bolts top and bottom having an engagement of not less than 15 mm.
(6)Except as permitted in Sentence (2), hinges for doors described in Sentence (1) shall be fastened
(a)to wood doors with wood screws not less than 25 mm long and to wood frames with wood screws such that at least 2 screws per hinge penetrate not less than 30 mm into solid wood, or
(b)to metal doors and metal frames with machine screws not smaller than No. 10 and not less than 10 mm long.
(See Note A-9.7.5.2.(6))
(7)Strikeplates for deadbolts described in Sentence (4) shall be fastened
(a)to wood frames with wood screws that penetrate not less than 30 mm into solid wood, or
(b)to metal frames with machine screws not smaller than No. 8 and not less than 10 mm long.
(See Note A-9.7.5.2.(6))
(8)Except for storm doors or screen doors, doors described in Sentence (1) that swing outward shall be provided with hinges or pins so that the doors cannot be removed when they are in the closed position. (See Note A-9.7.5.2.(8))
(9)Solid blocking shall be provided on both sides at the lock height between the jambs for doors described in Sentence (1) and the structural framing so that the jambs will resist spreading by force.